NUMBERS IN ENGLISH



Number               Cardinal                                               Ordinal
1                              one                                                        first
2                              two                                                        second
3                              three                                                     third
4                              four                                                       fourth
5                              five                                                        fifth
6                              six                                                           sixth
7                              seven                                                    seventh
8                              eight                                                      eighth
9                              nine                                                       ninth
10                           ten                                                         tenth
11                           eleven                                                  eleventh
12                           twelve                                                  twelfth
13                           thirteen                                               thirteenth
14                           fourteen                                              fourteenth
15                           fifteen                                                  fifteenth
16                           sixteen                                                 sixteenth
17                           seventeen                                          seventeenth
18                           eighteen                                              eighteenth
19                           nineteen                                             nineteenth
20                           twenty                                                 twentieth
21                           twenty-one                                        twenty-first
22                           twenty-two                                        twenty-second
23                           twenty-three                                    twenty-third
24                           twenty-four                                       twenty-fourth
25                           twenty-five                                        twenty-fifth
26                           twenty-six                                          twenty-sixth
27                           twenty-seven                                   twenty-seventh
28                           twenty-eight                                     twenty-eighth
29                           twenty-nine                                       twenty-ninth
30                           thirty                                                     thirtieth
31                           thirty-one                                           thirty-first
40                           forty                                                      fortieth
50                           fifty                                                        fiftieth
60                           sixty                                                       sixtieth
70                           seventy                                                                seventieth
80                           eighty                                                   eightieth
90                           ninety                                                   ninetieth
100                         one hundred                                     hundredth
500                         five hundred                                      five hundredth
1,000                     one thousand                                    thousandth
1,500                     one thousand five hundred        one thousand five hundredth
100,000 one hundred thousand                 hundred thousandth
1,000,000             one million                                          millionth


READING DECIMALS

Written                                                Said
0.5                                          point five
0.25                                        point two five
0.73                                        point seven three
0.05                                        point zero five
0.6529                                   point six five two nine
2.95                                        two point nine five

READING FRACTIONS

Written                                                Said
1/3                                         one third
3/4                                         three fourths
5/6                                         five sixths
1/2                                         one half
3/2                                         three halves

PRONOUNCING               PERCENTAGES

Written                                  Pronounced
5%                                          five percent
25%                                        twenty-five percent
36.25%                                  thirty-six point two five percent
100%                                     one hundred percent
400%                                     four hundred percent

READING SUMS OF MONEY

Written                                                Spoken
25$                                         twenty-five dollars
52€                                         fifty-two euros
140                                      one hundred and forty pounds
$43.25                                   forty-three dollars and twenty-five cents












€12.66                                   twelve euros sixty-six
10.50                                   ten pounds fifty

PRONOUNCING MEASUREMENTS

Written                                                Spoken
60m                                       sixty meters
25km/h                                twenty-five kilometers per hour
11ft                                        eleven feet
2L                                            two liters
3tbsp                                     three tablespoons
1tsp                                       one teaspoon






Conditionals

Types of Conditionals

  • කොන්දෙසි වැකි ප්‍රධාන වර්ග  දෙකක් යට‍තේ වර්ග කළ හැකිය.
  • 1)The Real Conditionals and 
  • 2)The Unreal Conditionals

The real conditionals

The real conditionals express factual or habitual conditions which have the possibility to occur in the future or generally occur in the present.
සැබෑ කොන්දේසි වැකි වර්ග‍යට අයක් වැකි මගින් අනාගතයේදී සිදුවිය හැකි හෝ වර්තමානයේදී සාමාන්‍යයෙන් සිදුවිය හැකි කරුණු හෝ පුරුදු තත්වයන් ප්‍රකාශ කරයි.
Example:
  • I’ll go if you give me the ball.
  • ඔබ මට බෝලය දුන්නොත් මම යන්නම්.
  • If I feel better, I’ll certainly play.
  • මට හොඳ යැයි හැඟේ නම්, මම නිසැකවම සෙල්ලම් කරන්නෙමි.
  • If you do well in the exams, I’ll buy you a gift.
  • ඔබ විභාග වලින් හොඳින් කළහොත්, මම ඔබට තෑග්ගක් මිලදී ගන්නෙමි.

Structures of the Real Conditionals: ආකෘතිය

For Future Conditions අනාගත කාලය හගවන කොන්දේසි වැකි සදහා
If + subject + simple present tense + subject + will/can/may/must + verb in base form. . .
Subject + will/can/may/must + verb in base form. . . + if + subject + simple present tense
Example:
  • If I have the money, I will buy a new phone.
  • මා සතුව මුදල් තිබේ නම්, මම නව දුරකථනයක් මිලදී ගන්නෙමි.
  • I can make you cry if you keep doing that.
  • ඔයා දිගටම ඒක කරනවා නම් මට ඔයාව අඩවන්න පුළුවන්.
  • If he goes there, he may get robbed.
  • ඔහු එහි ගියහොත් ඔහු සොරකම් කරනු ඇත.
  • If you go outside, you must wear heavy clothes.
  • ඔබ පිටතට ගියහොත්, ඔබ බර ඇඳුම් ඇඳිය යුතුය.

For Habitual Conditions -පුරුදු කොන්දේසි වැකි සඳහා
If + subject + simple present tense + subject + simple present tense. . .
Subject + simple present tense + if + subject + simple present tense. .
Example:
  • If I have the money, I always buy the necessary things.
  • මා සතුව මුදල් තිබේ නම්, මම සෑම විටම අවශ්‍ය දේ මිලට ගනිමි.
  • If Alex gets a break, he usually calls me.
  • ඇලෙක්ස්ට විවේකයක් ලැබුනොත්, ඔහු සාමාන්‍යයෙන් මට කතා කරයි.
  • He works hard if the payment is good.
  • ගෙවීම හොඳ නම් ඔහු වෙහෙස මහන්සි වී වැඩ කරයි.

For Commands නියෝග සදහා
If + subject + simple present tense + command form (simple present) . . . . .
Command form (simple present). . . . .  + if + subject + simple present tense. 
Example:
  • If you have the money, use it wisely.
  • ඔබට මුදල් ඇත්නම් එය ඥානවන්තව භාවිතා කරන්න.
  • Please call me if you get a chance.
  • ඔබට අවස්ථාවක් ලැබුණහොත් කරුණාකර මට කතා කරන්න.

The unreal conditionals-යථාර්ථවාදී නොවන කොන්දේසි වැකි

The unreal conditionals express hypothetical conditions that have no possibility to occur in the past, present or future but describe what could/might have occurred supposedly.
යථාර්ථවාදී නොවන කොන්දේසි මගින් අතීත, වර්තමාන හෝ අනාගතයේදී සිදුවිය හැකි උපකල්පිත කොන්දේසි ප්‍රකාශ කරන නමුත් සිදුවිය හැකි යැයි සිතිය හැකි / සිදුවිය හැකි දේ විස්තර කරයි.
Example:
  • If I were rich, I would travel my whole life.
  • මම ධනවත් නම්, මම මගේ මුළු ජීවිතයම සංචාරය කරමි.
  • If I had a car, I could go anywhere.
  • මට කාර් එකක් තිබුණා නම් මට ඕනෑම තැනකට යන්න පුළුවන්.
  • If we had not missed the train, we would have reached the city.
  • අපි දුම්රිය අතපසු නොකළේ නම් අපි නගරයට පැමිණීමට ඉඩ තිබුණි.

Structures of Unreal Conditionals: ආකෘතිය.

For Present/Future Conditions
If + subject + simple past tense + subject + would/could/might + verb in base form. . .
subject + would/could/might + verb in base form + if + subject + simple past tense
Example:
  • If I had the money, I would buy a new phone.
  • මට මුදල් ඇත්නම්, මම නව දුරකථනයක් මිලදී ගන්නෙමි.
  • If I were the president, I would not support war policies.
  • මම ජනාධිපති නම් මම යුද ප්‍රතිපත්තිවලට සහාය නොදක්වන්නෙමි.
  • If he were not ill, he could come with us.
  • ඔහු අසනීප නොවන්නේ නම් ඔහුට අප සමඟ පැමිණිය හැකිය.
  • If I could play tomorrow, I would definitely win the match.
  • මට හෙට ක්‍රීඩා කළ හැකි නම්, මම අනිවාර්යයෙන්ම තරගය ජය ගන්නෙමි.

For Past Conditions
If + subject + past perfect tense + subject + would/could/might + have+ verb in past participle form
Subject + would/could/might + have + verb in past participle form + if + subject + simple past tense
Example:
  • If I had played well, we would have won the match.
  • මම හොඳින් ක්‍රීඩා කළා නම් අපි තරගය ජය ගන්න තිබුණා.
  • I could have caught you if you had been a little closer.
  • ඔයා ටිකක් කිට්ටුවෙන් හිටියා නම් මට ඔයාව අල්ලගන්න තිබුණා.
  • If he had written well, I could have given him a better mark.
  • ඔහු හොඳින් ලියා තිබුණා නම් මට ඔහුට මීට වඩා හොඳ සලකුණක් ලබා දිය හැකිව තිබුණි.
Note: There is another structure of unreal conditional which does not use the conjunction ifHad replaces if and creates a conditional sentence.
Had + subject + verb in past participle + subject + would/could/might + have + verb in past participle
Example:
  • Had I reached earlier, I could have caught the train.
  • මම කලින් ලඟා වුණා නම් මට කෝච්චිය අල්ලගන්න තිබුණා.
  • Had she found the watch, she would have told me.
  • ඇය ඔරලෝසුව සොයා ගත්තා නම්, ඇය මට පැවසුවා.

PERSONALITY 10


PERSONALITY 10
10 වසර පොතේ 10 වෙනි පාඩමේ තුන්වන ක්‍රියාකාරකම පහතින් දැක්වේ. (103 පිටුව)

සැකසුම- නුවන් සමීර


Activity 03

Group work
Read the list of words given below. Find out good qualities a person should
possess. Use a dictionary to find the meanings of the difficult words.


  1. ·         Helpful             බලාපොරොත්තු සහගත
  2. ·         Aimless            අරමුණු රහිත  
  3. ·         Understanding අවබෝධයෙන් යුතු
  4. ·         Reckless           නොසැලකිලිමත්
  5. ·         Disobedient      අකීකරු
  6. ·         Stingy               දඩබ්බර, ලෝභ
  7. ·         Wasteful           නාස්තිකාර
  8. ·         Moody              මනෝභාවයේ යෙදී සිටින
  9. ·         Wise                 බුද්ධිමත්
  10. ·         Pleasant           ප්‍රසන්න
  11. ·         Overconfident ඕනෑවට වඩා විශ්වාසයෙන් යුත්
  12. ·         Boisterous        ඝෝෂාකාරී
  13. ·         Deceptive         රැවටිලිකාර
  14. ·         Lazy                  කම්මැලි
  15. ·         Obedient          කීකරු
  16. ·         Gullible             රැවටිලිකාර
  17. ·         Smart               දක්ෂ
  18. ·         Troublesome    කරදරකාරී
  19. ·         Over sensitive අධික සංවේදී
  20. ·         Sarcastic           උපහාසාත්මක
  21. ·         Talkative           කටකාර
  22. ·         Outgoing          මිත්‍රශීලී
  23. ·         Truthful            සත්‍යවාදී
  24. ·         Ambitious         අභිලාෂකාමී
  25. ·         Loyal                පක්ෂපාතී
  26. ·         Honest             අවංක
  27. ·         Humorous        හාස්‍යජනකයි
  28. ·         Passive              උදාසීන
  29. ·         Untidy              අපිරිසිදු
  30. ·         Hot-tempered කේන්තිකාර
  31. ·         Pessimistic        අශුභවාදී
  32. ·         Self-satisfied    ස්වයං තෘප්ත
  33. ·         Responsible      වගකිව
  34. ·         Dominating       ආධිපත්‍ය දරන
  35. ·         Polite                ආචාරශීලී
  36. ·         Self-centered   ආත්මාර්ථකාමී
  37. ·         Punctual           නිසි කලට වේලාවට
  38. ·         Optimistic         සුභවාදී
  39. ·         Kind-hearted    කරුණාවන්ත
  40. ·         Cynical              නරුම